L2 Rollup

Fluent is built as an Ethereum L2 execution layer with a blended execution architecture.

At the rollup level, the system combines:

• execution inside Fluent’s runtime model,
• deterministic state transition outputs,
• proof/data pipelines anchored to Ethereum.

Why this matters for architecture

Many design choices in Fluent’s execution layer are shaped by rollup constraints:

• deterministic execution for reproducible proofs,
• explicit host/runtime boundaries for verifiable state transitions,
• predictable metering and side-effect ordering.

So rollup concerns are not “outside” architecture—they are one of its core inputs.

Scope

The chapters below describe the high-level context for:

• proof systems,
• data availability.

They are intentionally architecture-oriented and may evolve as proving/DA implementation details evolve.